This study addresses the vital issue of fire and explosion risk mitigation in hospitals, complex environments with vulnerable people and sensitive equipment. Using a mixed approach, insurance data in Peru is analyzed and a systematic literature review (PRISMA) is conducted. Frequent risk factors (electrical equipment, flammable materials) and effective mitigation strategies are identified. The key role of biomedical engineering in risk management is highlighted, proposing predictive models and advanced detection systems. The book offers practical and innovative solutions to improve hospital safety, protecting patients, staff and infrastructure.